Ques: 48 Can you give an example of when you might use it?
Ans:When you want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class. Base Class Employee. A Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class.

Ques: 49 Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
Ans:1. A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
2. A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
3. Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.

Ques: 50 What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect?
Ans:1. Server.Transfer() performs server side redirection of the page avoiding extra round trip. While The Response .Redirect () method can be used to redirect the browser to specified url.
2. Server.Transfer is used to post a form to another page. Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user to another page or site.

Ques: 51 Explain the difference between a database administrator and a data administrator.

Ques: 52 What is smart navigation?
Ans:Smart navigation is, cursor position is maintained when the page gets refreshed due to the server side validation and the page gets refreshed.

Ques: 53 What is the difference between Literal and Lable Control?
Ans:We use literals control if we want to typed text using HTML formating and without using property.We typed HTML code in .cs file when used literals.
Lable control when displayed already formated.Typed text can not be formated in .cs file.

Ques: 54 What are the 2 Layouts supported by a Web form in ASP.NET?
Ans:1. Grid layout: Pages using grid layout will not always display correctly in non-Microsoft browsers,and controls are placed exactly where they draw.It means they have absolute positions on the page. Use grid layout for Microsoft Windows–style applications, in which controls are not mixed with large amounts of text.
2. Flow layout: Controls relative to other elements on the page.
Controls that appear after the new element move down if you add elements at run time.
Flow layout for document-style applications, in which text and controls are intermingled.

Ques: 55 Can you specify authorization settings both in Web.config and in IIS?
Ans:Yes,It wil be done. For this, the IIS setting is evaluated first and then the setting in Web.config is evaluated. Hence we can say,the most restrictive setting will be used.

Ques: 56 How do you determine, what is the role of the current user?
Ans:The User object provides an IsInRole method to determine the role of the current user, as shown in the following example:

if(User.IsInRole("Administrators"))
{
///////
}

Ques: 57 How do you get a User Identity?
Ans:Using the User object’s Identity property. The Identity property returns an object that includes the user name and role information, as shown in the following code:

private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
Label1.Text = User.Identity.IsAuthenticated.ToString();
Label2.Text = User.Identity.Name;
Label3.Text = User.Identity.AuthenticationType;
}

Ques: 58 What is the default authentication method when you create a new Web application project?
Ans:Windows authentication is the default authentication method when you create a new Web application project.

Ques: 59 What is the advantage of using Windows authentication in a Web application?
Ans:The advantage of Windows authentication:
1. Web application can use the exact same security that applies to your corporate network like user names, passwords, and permissions.
2. To access the Web application users logged on to the network. It is importent that user does’nt logged on again.

Ques: 60 What do you mean by neutral cultures?
Ans:Neutral cultures represent general languages, such as English or Spanish and a specific language and region.ASP.NET assigns that culture to all the threads running for that Web application.When user set culture attribute for a Web application in Web.config.ASP.NET maintains multiple threads for a Web application within the aspnet_wp.exe worker process.

Ques: 61 What are the steps to follow to get user’s culture at run time?
Ans:1. Get the Request object’s UserLanguages property.
2. Use the returned value with the CultureInfo class to create an object representing the user’s current culture.
For example, the following code gets the user’s culture and displays the English name and the abbreviated name of the culture in a label the first time the page is displayed:

private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
// Run the first time the page is displayed
if (!IsPostBack)
{
// Get the user's preferred language.
string sLang = Request.UserLanguages[0];
// Create a CultureInfo object from it.
CultureInfo CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo(sLang);
lblCulture.Text = CurrentCulture.EnglishName + ": " +
CurrentCulture.Name;
}
}

Ques: 62 What are the 3 different ways to globalize web applications?
Ans:Detect and redirect approach : In this approach we create a separate Web application for each supported culture, and then detect the user’s culture and redirect the request to the appropriate application. This approach is best for applications with lots of text content that requires translation and few executable components.

Run-time adjustment approach : In this approach we create a single Web application that detects the user’s culture and adjusts output at run time using format specifiers and other tools. This approach is best for simple applications that present limited amounts of content.

Satellite assemblies approach : In this approach we create a single Web application that stores culture-dependent strings in resource files that are compiled into satellite assemblies. At run time, detect the user’s culture and load strings from the appropriate assembly. This approach is best for applications that generate content at run time or that have large executable components.

Ques: 63 What is Globalization?
Ans:Globalization is the process of creating an application that meets the needs of users from multiple cultures.
This process involves translating the user interface elements of an application into multiple languages, using the correct currency, date and time format, calendar, writing direction, sorting rules, and other issues.

Ques: 64 From the content page code how can you reference a control on the master page?
Ans:Use the FindControl() method as shown in the code sample below.

void Page_Load()
{
// Gets a reference to a TextBox control inside
// a ContentPlaceHolder
ContentPlaceHolder ContPlaceHldr = (ContentPlaceHolder)Master.FindControl ("ContentPlaceHolder1");
if(ContPlaceHldr != null)
{
TextBox TxtBox = (TextBox)ContPlaceHldr.FindControl("TextBox1");
if(TxtBox != null)
{
TxtBox.Text = "WHERE R4R";
}
}
// Gets a reference to a Label control that not in
// a ContentPlaceHolder
Label Lbl = (Label)Master.FindControl("Label1");
if(Lbl != null)
{
Lbl.Text = "R4R HERE";
}
}

Ques: 65 Can you dynaimically assign a Master Page?
Ans:PreInit stage using the Page class MasterPageFile property as shown in the code sample below. Using this you can assign a master page dynamically.

void Page_PreInit(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.MasterPageFile = "~/MasterPage.master";
}

Ans:

 void Page_PreInit(Object sender, EventArgs e) {
    
        if (Request.Browser.IsBrowser("IE")) {
           this.MasterPageFile = "ArticleMaster_IE.master";
        }
        else if (Request.Browser.IsBrowser("Mozilla")) {
           this.MasterPageFile = "ArticleMaster_FireFox.master";
        }
        else {
           this.MasterPageFile = "ArticleMaster.master";
        }
    }

Ques: 66 How do you identify a Master Page and how do you bind a Content Page to a Master Page?
Ans:The master page is identified by a special @ Master directive that replaces the @ Page directive that is used for ordinary .aspx pages.
MasterPageFile attribute of a content page’s @ Page directive is used to bind a Content Page to a Master Page.

Ques: 67 What are the 2 important parts of a master page and file extension for a Master Page?
Ans:The following are the 2 important parts of a master page
1. The Master Page itself
2. One or more Content Pages
The file extention for Master Page is “.master”.

Ques: 68 What is a Master Page in Asp.Net?
Ans:For consistent layout for the pages in application used Master Pages.A single master page defines the look and feel and standard behavior that you want for all of the pages (or a group of pages) in your application.Then user create individual content pages that share all the information and lay out of a Master Page.

Ques: 69 What are the Session State Modes? Define each Session State mode supported by ASP.NET.
Ans:ASP.NET supports three Session State modes.
1. InProc:This mode stores the session data in the ASP.NET worker process and fastest among all of the storage modes.Its Also effects performance if the amount of data to be stored is large.
2. State Server:This mode maintained on a different system and session state is serialized and stored in memory in a separate process.
State Server mode is serialization and de-serialization of objects. State Server mode is slower than InProc mode as this stores data in an external process.
3. SQL Server:This mode can be used in the web farms and reliable and secures storage of a session state.In this storage mode, the Session data is serialized and stored in a database table in the SQL Server database.

Ques: 70 Disadvantages of using Session State ?
Ans:Disadvatages:
1. It is not advisable to use session state when working with large sum of data.Because Data in session state is stored in server memory.
2. Too many variables in the memory effect performance. Because session state variable stays in memory until you destroy it.

Ques: 71 Advantages of using Session State?
Ans:Advantages:
1. It is easy to implement.
2. Ensures platform scalability,works in the multi-process configuration.
3. Ensures data durability, since session state retains data even if ASP.NET work process restarts as data in Session State is stored in other process space.

Ques: 72 What is the Session Identifier?
Ans:Session Identifier is :
1. To identify session.
2. It has SessionID property.
3. When a page is requested, browser sends a cookie with a session identifier.
4. Session identifier is used by the web server to determine if it belongs to an existing session or not. If not, then Session ID is generated by the web server and sent along with the response.

Ques: 73 What is SessionID?
Ans:To identify the request from the browser used sessionID. SessionId value stored in a cookie. Configure the application to store SessionId in the URL for a “cookieless” session.

Ques: 74 Describe Server – Side State Management ?
Ans:Sever side state managment provied Better security,Reduced bandwidth.
1. Application State: This State information is available to all pages, regardless of which user requests a page.
2. Session State – Session State information is available to all pages opened by a user during a single visit.

Ques: 75 Discribe Client – Side State Management?
Ans:Client side state managment have:
a. Stores information on the client’s computer by embedding the information into a Web page.
b. A uniform resource locator(url).
c. Cookie.
To store the state information at the client end terms are:
1. View State:It is used by the Asp.net page framework to automatically save the values of the page and of each control just prior to rendering to the page.Asp.Net uses View State to track the values in the Controls. You can add custom values to the view state.
2. Control State:When user create a custom control that requires view state to work properly, you should use control state to ensure other developers don’t break your control by disabling view state.
3. Hidden fields:Like view state, hidden fields store data in an HTML form without displaying it in the user’s browser. The data is available only when the form is processed.
4. Cookies: Cookies store a value in the user’s browser that the browser sends with every page request to the same server. Cookies are the best way to store state data that must be available for multiple Web pages on a web site.
5. Query Strings: Query strings store values in the URL that are visible to the user. Use query strings when you want a user to be able to e-mail or instant message state data with a URL.

Ques: 76 What is Authentication and Authorization ?
Ans:An authentication system is how you identify yourself to the computer. The goal behind an authentication system is to verify that the user is actually who they say they are.
Once the system knows who the user is through authentication, authorization is how the system decides what the user can do.

Ques: 77 Define State managment?
Ans:This is passible to at a time many request occures.State management is the process by which maintained state and page information over multiple requests for the same or different pages.
Two types of State Managment:
1. Client side state managment:This stores information on the client’s computer by embedding the information into a Web page,uniform resource locator(url), or a cookie.
2. Server side state managment: There are two state Application State,Session State.

Ques: 78 What are the different states in ASP.NET?
Ans:There are three types of state:
1. View state: Under the client-side state managment.The ViewState property provides a dictionary object for retaining values between multiple requests for the same page. When an ASP.NET page is processed, the current state of the page and controls is hashed into a string and saved in the page as a hidden field.
2. Application state:Under the server side state managment. ASP.NET allows you to save values using application state, a global storage mechanism that is accessible from all pages in the Web application. Application state is stored in the Application key/value dictionary.
3. Session state:Under server side state managment . ASP.NET allows you to save values using session state, a storage mechanism that is accessible from all pages requested by a single Web browser session.

Ques: 79 Whether we can use vbscript and javascript combination for validation?
Ans:WE cant use them togather,since compiler are different.

Ques: 80 What is GAC and name of the utility used to add an assembly into the GAC ?
Ans:GAC(Global Assembly Cache) for an effective sharing of assemblies.GAC refers to the machine-wide code cache in any of the computers that have been installed with common language runtime.Global Assembly Cache in .NET Framework acts as the central place for private registering assemblies.
“gacutil.exe” utility used to add assembly in GAC

Ques: 81 What is the Purpose of System.Collections.Generic ?
Ans:For more safty and better performance strongly typed collections are useful for the user. System.Collections.Generic having interfaces and classes which define strongly typed generic collections.

Ques: 82 What is the use of Global.asax File in ASP.NET Application ?
Ans:The Global.asax file, can be stored in root directory and accesible for web-sites,is an optional file.This Global.asax file contained in HttpApplicationClass.we can declare global variables like variables used in master pages because these variables can be used for different pages right.Importent feature is that its provides more security in comparision to other.
It handle two event:
1.Application-level
2.Session-level events.

Global.asax File itself configured but it can not be accessed.while one request is in processing it is impossible to send another request, we can not get response for other request and even we can not start a new session.
while adding this Global.asax file to our application by default it contains five methods,
Those methods are:
1.Application_Start.
2.Application_End.
3.Session_Start.
4.Session_End.
5.Application_Error.

Ques: 83 What is the Default Expiration Period For Session and Cookies,and maximum size of viewstate?
Ans:The default Expiration Period for Session is 20 minutes.
The default Expiration Period for Cookie is 30 minutes.
The maximum size of the viewstate is 25% of the page size

Ques: 84 Difference between Session object and Profile object in ASP.NET?
Ans:Profile object:
1. Profile object is persistent.
2. Its uses the provider model to store information.
3. Strongly typed
4. Anonymous users used mostly.

Session object:
1. Session object is non-persistant.
2. Session object uses the In Proc, Out Of Process or SQL Server Mode to store information.
3. Not strongly typed.
4. Only allowed for authenticated users.

Ques: 85 What are the two levels of variable supported by Asp.net?
Ans:1. Page level variable:String ,int ,float.
2. Object level variable:Session level, Application level.

Ques: 86 Explain the aim of using EnableViewState property?
Ans:When the page is posted back to the server, the server control is recreated with the state stored in viewstate.It allows the page to save the users input on a form across postbacks. It saves all the server side values for a given control into ViewState, which is stored as a hidden value on the page before sending the page to the clients browser.

Ques: 87 Why the exception handling is important for an application?
Ans:Exception handling prevents the unusual error in the asp.net application,when apllication executed.If the exceptions are handled properly, the application will never get terminated abruptly.

Ques: 88 Define Error Events in Asp.Net?
Ans:In ASP.Net when any unhandled exception accurs in application then an event occures,that event called Error event.Two types of Event:
1. Page_Error:When exception occures in a page then this event raised.
2. Application_error:Application_Error event raised when unhandled exceptions in the ASP.NET application and is implemented in global.asax.

The error event have two method:
1. GetLastError: Returns the last exception that occurred on the server.
2. ClearError: This method clear error and thus stop the error to trigger subsequent error event.

Ques: 89 How to create Multivalued Cookie ?
Ans:

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">
    void btnSubmit_Click(Object s, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Cookies["preferences"]["firstName"] = txtFirstName.Text;
        Response.Cookies["preferences"]["lastName"] = txtLastName.Text;
        Response.Cookies["preferences"]["favoriteColor"] = txtFavoriteColor.Text;
        Response.Cookies["preferences"].Expires = DateTime.MaxValue;
    }
</script>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head id="Head1" runat="server">
    <title>Set Cookie Values</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>

    <asp:Label
        id="lblFirstName"
        Text="First Name:"
        AssociatedControlID="txtFirstName"
        Runat="server" />
    <br />
    <asp:TextBox
        id="txtFirstName"
        Runat="server" />
    <br /><br />
    <asp:Label
        id="lblLastName"
        Text="Last Name:"
        AssociatedControlID="txtFirstName"
        Runat="server" />
    <br />
    <asp:TextBox
        id="txtLastName"
        Runat="server" />
    <br /><br />
    <asp:Label
        id="lblFavoriteColor"
        Text="Favorite Color:"
        AssociatedControlID="txtFavoriteColor"
        Runat="server" />
    <br />
    <asp:TextBox
        id="txtFavoriteColor"
        Runat="server" />
    <br /><br />
    <asp:Button
        id="btnSubmit"
        Text="Submit"
        OnClick="btnSubmit_Click"
        Runat="server" />

    </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

Ques: 90 How do you require authentication using the Web.config file?
Ans:Include the following &ltauthorization> element to require authentication:

<authorization>
  <deny users="?" />
</authorization>

Ques: 91 What is the difference between web.config and Machine.config files?
Ans:1. Usually on a webserver there is only one Machine.config file whereas in a web application there is no of files,but in the root directory.
2. Web.config file settings will override machine.config settings.
3. Machine.config file specifies configuration settings for all of the websites on the web server.Web.config file specify configuration settings for a particular web application, and is located in the applications root directory .

Ques: 92 What is the main difference between the Button server control and the Button HTML control?
Ans:The Button HTML control triggers the event procedure indicated in the button’s onclick attribute, which runs on the client.
When clicked, the Button server control triggers an ASP.NET Click event procedure on the server.

Ques: 93 Differences between Web and Windows applications?
Ans:Web Forms:Web forms use server controls, HTML controls, user controls, or custom controls created specially for Web forms.Web applications are displayed in a browser.Web forms are instantiated on the server, sent to the browser, and destroyed immediately.
Windows Forms:Windows forms are instantiated, exist for as long as needed, and are destroyed. Windows applications run on the same machine they are displayed on.Windows applications display their own windows and have more control over how those windows are displayed.

Ques: 94 Describe the property of cookie in Asp.Net ?
Ans:Properties:
1. Domain: The domain associated with the cookie for example, aspx.superexpert.com
2. Expires: The expiration date for a persistent cookie.
3. HasKeys: A Boolean value that indicates whether the cookie is a cookie dictionary.
4. Name: The name of the cookie.
5. Path: The path associated with the Cookie. The default value is /.
6. Secure: A value that indicates whether the cookie should be sent over an encrypted connection only. The default value is False.
7. Value: The value of the Cookie.
8. Values: A NameValueCollection that represents all the key and value pairs stored in a Cookie dictionary.

Ques: 95 Write the code that creates a cookie containing the user name R4R and the current date to the user computer. Set the cookie to remain on the user computer for 30 days?
Ans:Code:

HttpCookie cookUserInfo = new HttpCookie("UserInfo");
CookUserInfo["Name"] = "R4R";
CookUserInfo["Time"] = DateTime.Now.ToString();
cookUserInfo.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(30);
Response.Cookies.Add(cookUserInfo);

Description:
“HttpCookie” :The HttpCookie class is under System.Web namespace.
“CookUserInfo” :is the object of class HttpCookie
“Expires”: is the property that sets the duration,when cookie expire.

Ques: 96 What do you mean by three-tier architecture?
Ans:The three-tier architecture was improve management of code and contents and to improve the performance of the web based applications. There are mainly three layers in three-tier architecture.This architecture remove the many drawbacks of previous Cliet-Server architecture.
There are three stages in this Architecture;
(1)Presentation Layer: PL(Presentation Layer) Contains only client side scripting like HTML, javascript and VB script etc.The input Validation validate on Cliet side.
(2)Business Logic Layer:BL(Business Logic Layer) contain the server side code for data transaction, query and communicate through Data Base,and Pass the data to the user interface.
(3)Database layer:Data Layer represents the data store like MS Access, SQL Server, an XML file, an Excel file or even a text file containing data also some additional database are also added to that layers.

Ques: 97 Define ASP.Net page life cycle in brief ?
Ans:1. OnInit (Init): Initializes each child control.
2. LoadControlState: Loaded the ControlState of the control. To use this method the control must call the Page.RegisterRequiresControlState method in the OnInit method of the control.
3. LoadViewState: Loaded the ViewState of the control.
4. LoadPostData: Controls that implement this interface use this method to retrieve the incoming form data and update the control According to there properties.
5. Load (OnLoad): Allows actions that are common to every request to be placed here. control is stable at this time, it has been initialized and its state has been reconstructed.
6. RaisePostDataChangedEvent: Is defined on the interface IPostBackData-Handler.
7. RaisePostbackEvent: Handling the clien side event caused Postback to occur
8. PreRender (OnPreRender): Allows last-minute changes to the control. This event takes place before saving ViewState so any changes made here are saved.
9. SaveControlState: Saves the current control state to ViewState.
10. SaveViewState: Saves the current data state of the control to ViewState.
11. Render: Generates the client-side HTML Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML) and script that are necessary to properly display this control at the browser. In this stage any changes to the control are not persisted into
ViewState.
12. Dispose: Accepts cleanup code. Releases any unman-aged resources in this stage. Unmanaged resources are resources that are not handled by the .NET common language runtime such as file handles and database connections.
13. UnLoad

Ques: 98 What is ViewState?
Ans:State of the object to be stored in hidden field on the page.ViewState is not stored on the server or any other external source. ViewState transported to the client and back to the server. ViewState is used the retain the state of server-side objects between postabacks.Viewstate should be the first choice to save data to access across postbacks.

Ques: 99 What classes are needed to send e-mail from an ASP.NET application?
Ans:Following Classes use to sent email from ASP.Net application:
1.MailMessage
2.SmtpMail
Both are classes defined in the .NET Framework Class Library’s “System. Web. Mail” namespace.

Ques: 100 Do Web controls support Cascading Style Sheets?
Ans:All Web controls inherit a property named CssClass from the base class “System.Web.UI. WebControls. WebControl” which can be used to control the properties of the web control.

Ques: 101 What is Data Binding?
Ans:Data Binding is binding controls to data from databases.Using Data binding a control to a particular column in a table from the database or we can bind the whole table to the data grid.
In other words Data binding is a way used to connect values from a collection of data (e.g. DataSet) to the controls on a web form. The values from the dataset are automatically displayed in the controls without having to write separate code to display them.

Ques: 102 What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect?
Ans:Response.Redirect:This tells the browser that the requested page can be found at a new location. The browser then initiates another request to the new page loading its contents in the browser.
Server.Transfer: It transfers execution from the first page to the second page on the server. As far as the browser client is concerned, it made one request and the initial page is the one responding with content. The benefit of this approach is one less round trip to the server from the client browser.

Ques: 103 Describe Paging in ASP.NET?
Ans:”In computer operating systems there are various ways in which the operating system can store and retrieve data from secondary storage for use in main memory”. One such memory management scheme is referred to as paging.In ASP.Net the DataGrid control in ASP.NET enables easy paging of the data. The AllowPaging property of the DataGrid can be set to True to perform paging. ASP.NET automatically performs paging and provides the hyperlinks to the other pages in different styles, based on the property that has been set for PagerStyle.Mode.

Ques: 104 What is the ASP.NET validation controls?
Ans:Validation controls applied on client side scripting.List of Validations:
1. RequiredFieldValidator:Makes a input control to required field.
2. RangeValidator:Chek the values falls between to values.
3. CompareValidator:Compares the value of one input control to the value of another input control or to a fixed value.
4. RegularExpressionValidator:Input value matches a specific pattern.
5. CustomValidator:Write a Method to validat input.
6. ValidationSummary:Displays a report of all validation errors occurred in a Web page.
Ques: 105 Explain the differences between server-side and client-side code in Asp.Net?

Ans:In Asp.Net Environment Server side code or scripting means the script will executed by server as interpreted needed.Server side scripting done the bussines logic like transaction and fetching data to Sever.
Client side scripting means that the script will be executed immediately in the browser such as form field validation, clock, email validation, etc. Client side scripting is usually done in VBScript or JavaScript. Since the code is included in the HTML page, anyone can see the code by viewing the page source.

Ques: 106 What is Postback in Asp.net?
Ans:When Frist time reqest to the server PostBack is False.When request or an action occurs (like button click), the page containing all the controls within the tag performs an HTTP POST, while having itself as the target URL. This is called Postback.We can say its a mechanism to allow the communication between client side and server side.

Ques: 107 Explain Web Services?
Ans:Web services are programmable business logic components that provide access to functionality through the Internet. Web services are given the .asmx extension.Standard protocols like HTTP can be used to access them. Web services are based on the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), which is an application of XML.In .Net FrameWork Web services convert your application in to Web Application.which published their functionality to whole world on internet.Web Services like a software system that designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a Internet.

Ques: 108 What is Shallow Copy and Deep Copy in .NET?
Ans:Shallow copy:When a object creating and copying nonstatic field of the current object to the new object know as shallow copy.
If a field is a value type –> a bit-by-bit copy of the field is performed
a reference type –> the reference is copied but the referred object is not; therefore, the original object and its clone refer to the same object.

Deep copy:Deep cooy little same as shallow copy,deep copy the whole object and make a different object, it means it do not refer to the original object while in case of shallow copy the target object always refer to the original object and changes in target object also make changes in original object.

Ques: 109 What is CLR?
Ans:CLR(Common Language Runtime) provide Environment to debugg and run program and utility developed at the .Net FrameWork.CLR provide memory management, debugging, security, etc. The CLR is also known as Virtual Execution System (VES). The managed and unmanaged code both runs under CLR.Unmanaged code run through the Wrapered Classes.There are many system Utilities run under the CLR.

Ques: 110 Explain Namespace ?
Ans:There are many classes in Asp.Net.If Microsoft simply jumbled all the classes together, then you would never find anything. Microsoft divided the classes in the Framework into separate namespaces.All classes working with a file system located in Systen.Io Namespace. All classes working with SQL data base used System.Data.SqlClient Namespace.
The ASP.NET Framework gives you the most commonly used namespaces:
. System
. System.Collections
. System.Collections.Specialized
. System.Configuration
. System.Text
. System.Text.RegularExpressions
. System.Web
. System.Web.Caching
. System.Web.SessionState
. System.Web.Security
. System.Web.Profile
. System.Web.UI
. System.Web.UI.WebControls
. System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts
. System.Web.UI.HTMLControls

Ques: 111 What are the advantages and disadvantage of Using Cookies?
Ans:Advantage:
1.Cookies do not require any server resources since they are stored on the client.
2. Cookies are easy to implement.
3. Cookies to expire when the browser session ends (session cookies) or they can exist for a specified length of time on the computer (persistent cookies).

Disadvantage:
1. Users can delete a cookies.
2. Users browser can refuse cookies,so your code has to anticipate that possibility.
3. Cookies exist as plain text on the client machine and they may security risk as anyone can open and tamper with cookies.

Ques: 112 What is the difference between Session Cookies and Persistent Cookies?
Ans:When client broweses session cookie stored in a memmory.when browser closed session cookie lost.

//Code to create a UserName cookie containing the name David.
HttpCookie CookieObject = new HttpCookie("UserName", "David");
Response.Cookies.Add(CookieObject);
//Code to read the Cookie created above
Request.Cookies["UserName"].Value;

Persistent cookie same as the session cookie except that persistent cookie have expiration date.The expiration date indicates to the browser that it should write the cookie to the client’s hard drive.

//Code to create a UserName Persistent Cookie that lives for 10 days
HttpCookie CookieObject = new HttpCookie("UserName", "David");
CookieObject.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(10);
Response.Cookies.Add(CookieObject);
//Code to read the Cookie created above
Request.Cookies["UserName"].Value; 

Ques: 113 What are the steps to host a web application on a web server?
Ans:Step1.Set up a virtual folder for the application using IIS.
2. Copy the Web application to the virtual directory.
3. Adding the shared .NET components to the server’s global assembly cache (GAC).
4. Set the security permissions on the server to allow the application to access required resources.

Ques: 114 What happens when you make changes to an application’s Web.config file?
Ans:When make change in web.config file.IIS restarts application and automatically applies changes.This effect the Session state variable and effect the application,then user adversely affected.

Ques: 115 What is Globalization ?
Ans:The process to make a Application according to the user from multiple culture.The process involves translating the user interface in to many languages,like using the correct currency, date and time format, calendar, writing direction, sorting rules, and other issues.Accommodating these cultural differences for an application is called Globlization.
Three different ways to globalize web applications:
1.Detect and redirect approach
2.Run-time adjustment approach
3.Satellite assemblies approach

Ques: 116 What is the Difference between Compiler and Translator?
Ans:Compiler converet the program one computer language to another computer language.in other word high level language to low level language.
Traslator traslate one language to many other language like english to hindi,french etc.

Ques: 117 What is the Difference Between Compiler and Debugger ?
Ans:Compiler is a software or set of soetware that translate one computer Language to another computer.Most cases High level Programming Language to low level Programming Language.
Most of the time Program analyzed and examined error then Debugger used.Debugger is another program that is used for testing and debugging purpose of other programs. It will be able to tell where exactly in your application error occurred,and tell the where error occured.

Ques: 118 Types of Debbuger ?
Ans:Debugger is another program that is used for testing and debugging purpose of other programs. Most of the time it is using to analyze and examine error conditions in application. It will be able to tell where exactly in your application error occurred,
Two Types of Debbuger:
1.CorDBG – command-line debugger. To use CorDbg, you must compile the original C# file using the /debug switch.
2.DbgCLR – graphic debugger. Visual Studio .NET uses the DbgCLR.

Ques: 119 Difference between Cookies and Session in Asp.Net ?
Ans:1.The main difference between cookies and sessions is that cookies are stored in the user’s browser, and sessions are not. This difference determines what each is best used for.
2.A cookie can keep information in the user’s browser until deleted. If a person has a login and password, this can be set as a cookie in their browser so they do not have to re-login to your website every time they visit. You can store almost anything in a browser cookie
3. Sessions are not reliant on the user allowing a cookie. They work instead like a token allowing access and passing information while the user has their browser open. The problem with sessions is that when you close your browser you also lose the session. So, if you had a site requiring a login, this couldn’t be saved as a session like it could as a cookie, and the user would be forced to re-login every time they visit.

Ques: 120 What is the structure of ASP.Net Pages ?
Ans:1.Directives:A directive controls how an ASP.NET page is compiled. The beginning of a directive is marked with the characters <%@ and the end of a directive is marked with the characters %>. A directive can appear anywhere within a page.A directive typically appears at the top of an ASP.NET page.
2.Code declaration block:A code declaration block contains all the application logic for your ASP.NET page and all the global variable declarations, subroutines, and functions. It must appear within a

<Script Runat="Server">

tag.
3.ASP.Net Controls:ASP.NET controls can be freely interspersed with the text and HTML content of a page. The only requirement is that the controls should appear within a

<form Runat= "Server">

tag. And, for certain tags such as

<span Runat="Server">

and

<ASP:Label Runat="Server"/>

, this requirement can be ignored without any dire consequences.
4.Code Render Blocks:If you need to execute code within the HTML or text content of your ASP.NET page, you can do so within code render blocks. The two types of code render blocks are inline code and inline expressions. Inline code executes a statement or series of statements. This type of code begins with the characters <% and ends with the characters %>.
5.Server side comments:You can add comments to your ASP.NET pages by using server-side comment blocks. The beginning of a server-side comment is marked with the characters <%-- and the end of the comment is marked with the characters --%>.
6.Server side include Directives:You can include a file in an ASP.NET page by using one of the two forms of the server-side include directive. If you want to include a file that is located in the same directory or in a subdirectory of the page including the file, you would use the following directive:
7.Literal text and html Tags:The final type of element that you can include in an ASP.NET page is HTML content. The static portion of your page is built with plain old HTML tags and text.

Ques: 121 Define File Name Extensions In Asp .net ?
Ans:Applications written in Asp .net have different files with different extension. native files generally have .aspx or .ascx extension . Web services have .asmx extension.
File name containing the business logic depend on the language that you are using. For Example a c# file have extension aspx.cs.

Ques: 122 What is ASp.net ?
Ans:ASP .NET built on .net framework. Asp .net is a web development tool. Asp .net is offered by Microsoft. We can built dynamic websites by using asp .net. Asp .net was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .net framework. It is the successor of Microsoft’s ASP. .NET Framework consists of many class libraries, support multiple languages and a common execution platform. Asp .net is a program run in IIS server. Asp .net is also called Asp+. Every element in Asp .net is treated as object and run on server. Asp .net is a event driven programming language. Most html tags are used by Asp .net. Asp .net allows the developer to build applications faster. Asp .net is a server side scripting.

Ques: 123 ASP.net Versions ?
Ans:ASP .NET version 1.0 was first released in January 2002
ASP .NET version 1.1 released in April 2003 (ASP .NET 2003)
ASP .NET version 2.0 released in November 2005 (ASP .NET 2005)
ASP .NET version 3.5 released in November 2007 (ASP .NET 2008)

Ques: 124 Difference bt ASP and asp.net?
Ans:1.Asp .net is compiled while asp is interpreted.
2.ASP is mostly written using VB Script and HTML. while asp .net can be written in C#, J# and VB etc.
3.Asp .net have 4 built in classes session , application , request response, while asp .net have more than 2000 built in classes.
4.ASP does not have any server side components whereas Asp .net have server side components such as Button , Text Box etc.
5.Asp does not have page level transaction while Asp .net have page level transaction.
ASP .NET pages only support one language on a single page, while Asp support multiple language on a single page.
6.Page functions must be declared as

<script runat=server>

in ASP. net . While in Asp page function is declared as <% %>.

Ques: 125 What is the difference between an EXE and a DLL?
Ans:DLL:Its a Dynamic Link Library .There are many entry points. The system loads a DLL into the context of an existing thread. Dll cannot Run on its own
EXE:Exe Can Run On its own.exe is a executable file.When a system launches new exe, a new process is created.The entry thread is called in context of main thread of that process.

Ques: 126 Difference Between Thread and Processs?
Ans:Process is a program in execution where thread is a seprate part of execution in the program.
Thread is a part of process. process is the collection of thread.

Ques: 127 How does cookies work in ASP.Net?
Ans:Using Cookies in web pages is very useful for temporarily storing small amounts of data, for the website to use. These Cookies are small text files that are stored on the user’s computer, which the web site can read for information; a web site can also write new cookies.
An example of using cookies efficiently would be for a web site to tell if a user has already logged in. The login information can be stored in a cookie on the user’s computer and read at any time by the web site to see if the user is currently logged in. This enables the web site to display information based upon the user’s current status – logged in or logged out.

Ques: 128 What is ASP.Net?
Ans:ASP Stands for Active server Pages.ASP used to create interacting web pages.

Ques: 129 What is Benefits of ASP.NET?
Ans:>>Simplified development:
ASP.NET offers a very rich object model that developers can use to reduce the amount of code they need to write.

>>Web services:
Create Web services that can be consumed by any client that understands HTTP and
XML, the de facto language for inter-device communication.

>>Performance:
When ASP.NET page is first requested, it is compiled and cached, or saved in memory, by
the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR). This cached copy can then be re-used for
each subsequent request for the page. Performance is thereby improved because after
the first request, the code can run from a much faster compiled version.

>>Language independence

>>Simplified deployment

>>Cross-client capability

Ques: 130 How to create voting poll system in asp.net which allows user to see the results?Ques: 131 How to make User Control in ASP.net?
Ans:a)Add User Controll
write code:-

<hr color=red/>
<center><H1><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #ff9999; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">BigBanyanTree.com</SPAN></H1></center> 
<hr Color=Green/>

b)In .aspx page:-

<%@ Register TagPrefix=a TagName="MyUserCtl" Src="~/WebUserControl.ascx"%>

c)Now use this :-

<a:MyUserCtl ID="tata" runat=server/> 

Ques: 132 Write a program to show the Use of dataList in ASP.NET?
Ans:

<asp:DataList ID="DataList1" runat="server" BackColor="White" BorderColor="#336666" BorderStyle="Double" BorderWidth="3px" CellPadding="4" GridLines="Both">
        <HeaderTemplate>Employee Detailed</HeaderTemplate>  
        <ItemTemplate>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Empno") %>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Ename") %>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Sal") %>
        </ItemTemplate>   

Ques: 133 How to show data in HTML table using Repeater?
Ans:

<asp:Repeater ID="Repeater1" runat="server">
                    <HeaderTemplate>
                    <table border="10" width="100%"  bgcolor=green  style="width:100%" >
                       <tr>
                       <th>Empno</th> <th>Ename</th> <th>Sal</th>  
                       </tr>
                    </HeaderTemplate> 
                    <ItemTemplate>
                            <tr>
                            <td>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Empno") %>
                            </td>
                            <td>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Ename") %>
                            </td>
                            <td>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Sal") %>
                            </td>
                            </tr>
                            </font> 
                    </ItemTemplate> 
                    <FooterTemplate>
                       </table> 
                    </FooterTemplate> 
                    </asp:Repeater>
                </td>
                <td style="width: 100px; height: 226px">
                </td>
            </tr>
        </table>

Ques: 134 How Repeater is used in ASP.NET?
Ans:

<asp:Repeater ID="Repeater1" runat="server"> <ItemTemplate>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Empno") %>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Ename") %>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Sal") %>
 </ItemTemplate> 
 </asp:Repeater>
//the whole structure looks like this
<asp:Repeater ID="Repeater1" runat="server">
<HeaderTemplate>
 Employee Detailed
</HeaderTemplate> 
            <ItemTemplate>
               <font color=gray>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Empno") %>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Ename") %>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Sal") %>
                </font> 
                </ItemTemplate> 
                <AlternatingItemTemplate>
                <font color=green>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Empno") %>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Ename") %>
                            <%#DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Sal") %>
                 </font> 
                  </AlternatingItemTemplate>
                 <FooterTemplate>
                       Thanks
                </FooterTemplate> 
               <SeparatorTemplate>
                        <hr/>
                </SeparatorTemplate> 
                </asp:Repeater>

Ques: 135 Write a Program to Connect with dropdownlist in ASP.NET
Ans:

OleDbConnection x;
    OleDbDataAdapter y;
    DataSet z;
    protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        x = new OleDbConnection("Provider=msdaora;user         id=scott;password=tiger");
        x.Open();
        y=new OleDbDataAdapter("select * from emp",x);
        z = new DataSet();
        y.Fill(z, "emp");
        DropDownList1.DataSource = z;
        DropDownList1.DataTextField = "ename"; 
        DropDownList1.DataBind();
        x.Close();  
    }

Ques: 136 Write a program to show data in Gridview in ASP.NET?
Ans:

OleDbConnection x;
    OleDbDataAdapter y;
    DataSet z;
    protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        x = new OleDbConnection("provider=msdaora;user id=scott;password=tiger");
        x.Open();
        y = new OleDbDataAdapter("select * from emp", x);
        z = new DataSet();
        y.Fill(z, "emp");
        GridView1.DataSource = z.Tables["emp"];
        GridView1.DataBind();  
        y.Dispose();
        x.Close(); 
    }

Ques: 137 Write a program to Delete Record in ASP.NET ?
Ans:

OleDbConnection x;
    OleDbCommand y;
     protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        x = new OleDbConnection("provider=microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0;data source=c:\\db1.mdb");
        x.Open();
        y = new OleDbCommand("delete from emp where empno=@p",x);
        y.Parameters.Add("@p", TextBox1.Text);
        y.ExecuteNonQuery();
        Label1.Visible = true;   
        Label1.Text="Record Deleted";
        y.Dispose();
        x.Close(); 
 }

Ques: 138 How to add Record in ASP.NET?
Ans:

OleDbConnection x;
    OleDbCommand y;
    protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        x = new OleDbConnection("provider=microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0;data source=c:\\db1.mdb");
        x.Open();
        y = new OleDbCommand("Insert into emp(empno,ename,sal) values(@p,@q,@r)", x);
        y.Parameters.Add("@p", TextBox1.Text);
        y.Parameters.Add("@q", TextBox2.Text);
        y.Parameters.Add("@r", TextBox3.Text);
        y.ExecuteNonQuery();
        Label1.Visible = true;   
        Label1.Text="Record Addedd";
        y.Dispose();
        x.Close(); 
     }

Ques: 139 Write a program to show connection to Excel in ASP.NET?
Ans:

OleDbConnection x;
    OleDbCommand y;
    OleDbDataReader z;
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        x = new OleDbConnection("provider=microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0;data source=c:\\book1.xls;Extended Properties=excel 8.0");
        x.Open();
        y = new OleDbCommand("select * from [sheet1$]", x);
        z = y.ExecuteReader();
        while (z.Read())
        {
            Response.Write("<li>");
            Response.Write(z["ename"]);
        }    
        z.Close();
        y.Dispose(); 
        x.Close(); 
    }

Ques: 140 Write a program to show connection with Oracle in ASP.NET?
Ans:

OleDbConnection x;
    OleDbCommand y;
    OleDbDataReader z;
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        x = new OleDbConnection("provider=msdaora;user id=scott;password=tiger");
        x.Open();
        y = new OleDbCommand("select * from emp", x);
        z = y.ExecuteReader();
        while (z.Read())
        {
            Response.Write("<li>");
            Response.Write(z["ename"]);
        }    
        z.Close();
        y.Dispose(); 
        x.Close(); 
    }

Ques: 141 Write a program in ASP.NET to Show Data With Access?
Ans:Page_Load():-

OleDbConnection x;
    OleDbCommand y;
    OleDbDataReader z;
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        x = new OleDbConnection("provider=microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0;data source=c:\\db1.mdb");
        x.Open();
        y = new OleDbCommand("select * from emp", x);
        z = y.ExecuteReader();
        while (z.Read())
        {
            Response.Write(z["ename"]);
            Response.Write("<hr>");  
        }
        z.Close();
        y.Dispose(); 
        x.Close(); 
    }

Ques: 142 Define Life Cycle of Page in ASP.NET?
Ans:

protected void Page_PreLoad(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("<br>"+"Page Pre Load");
    }
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("<br>" + "Page Load"); 
    }
    protected void Page_LoadComplete(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("<br>" + "Page Complete");
    }
    protected void Page_PreRender(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("<br>" + "Page Pre Render");
    }
    protected void Page_Render(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("<br>" + "Pre Render");
    }
    protected void Page_PreInit(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("<br>" + "Page Pre Init");
    }
    protected void Page_Init(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("<br>" + "Page Init");
    }
    protected void Page_InitComplete(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("<br>" + "Page Pre Init Complete");
    }

Ques: 143 DescribeWizard server control with example in Share Point?
Ans:This control enables you to build a sequence of steps that are displayed to the
end users side. It is alos used either display or gather information in small steps in system.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages;
namespace LoisAndClark.WPLibrary
{
public class MyWP : WebPart
{
protected override void CreateChildControls()
{
Wizard objWizard = new Wizard();
objWizard.HeaderText = "Wizard Header";
for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
WizardStepBase objStep = new WizardStep();
objStep.ID = "Step" + i;
objStep.Title = "Step " + i;
TextBox objText = new TextBox();
objText.ID = "Text" + i;
objText.Text = "Value for step " + i;
objStep.Controls.Add(objText);
objWizard.WizardSteps.Add(objStep);
}
this.Controls.Add(objWizard);
}
}
} 

Ques: 144 What is BulletedList Control in Share Point. Give an example?
Ans:Bullet style allow u choose the style of the element that precedes the item.here u can choose numbers, squares, or circles.here child items can be rendered as plain text, hyperlinks, or buttons.
This example uses a custom image that requires to be placed in a virtual directory on the server.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages;
namespace LoisAndClark.WPLibrary
{
public class MyWP : WebPart
{
protected override void CreateChildControls
 {
BulletedList objBullist = new BulletedList();
objBullist.BulletStyle = BulletStyle.CustomImage;
objBullist.BulletImageUrl = @"/_layouts/images/rajesh.gif";
objBullist.Items.Add("First");
objBullist.Items.Add("Seciond");
objBullist.Items.Add("Third");
objBullist.Items.Add("Fourth");
this.Controls.Add(objBullist);
}
}
}

Ques: 145 How to create a SharePoint web part using File upload control.give example?
Ans:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages;
namespace LoisAndClark.WPLibrary
{
public class MYWP : WebPart
{
FileUpload objFileUpload = new FileUpload();
protected override void CreateChildControls()
{
this.Controls.Add(new System.Web.UI.LiteralControl
("Select a file to upload:"));
this.Controls.Add(objFileUpload);
Button btnUpload = new Button();
btnUpload.Text = "Save File";
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(btnUpload_Click);
this.Controls.Add(btnUpload);
}
private void btnUpload_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string strSavePath = @"C:\temp\";
if (objFileUpload.HasFile)
{
string strFileName = objFileUpload.FileName;
strSavePath += strFileName;
objFileUpload.SaveAs(strSavePath);
}
else
{
//otherwise let the message show file was not uploaded.
}
}
}
}

Ques: 146 Print Hello World message using SharePoint in Asp.Net 2.0?
Ans:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages;
namespace LoisAndClark.WPLibrary
{
public class MYWP : WebPart
{
protected override void CreateChildControls()
{
Content obj = new Content();
string str1 = obj.MyContent<string>("Hello World!");
this.Controls.Add(new System.Web.UI.LiteralControl(str1));
}
}
}

generic method shows that SharePoint site is running on .NET Framework
2.0, and the code of the generic method seems like this:

public string MyContent<MyType>(MyType arg)
{
return arg.ToString();
}

Ques: 147 How to Configure SMTP in asp .NET?
Ans:This example specifies SMTP parameters to send e-mail using a remote SMTP server and user that are importent. This program shows configuration process-

<system.net>
<mailSettings>
<smtp 
deliveryMethod="Network|PickupDirectoryFromIis|SpecifiedPickupDirec>
<network 
defaultCredentials="true|false"
from="r4r@fco.in"
host="smtphost"
	port="26"
password="password"
userName="user"/>
<specifiedPickupDirectory 
pickupDirectoryLocation="c:\pickupDirectory"/>
</smtp>
</mailSettings>
</system.net>